Disaster Recovery 101: Architecting Auto-Failovers for MySQL and C Deployments on Linode

Establishing a High-Availability MySQL Cluster with Orchestrator

For critical applications, a single MySQL instance is a single point of failure. Architecting for high availability (HA) necessitates a robust failover strategy. Orchestrator is a powerful, open-source tool for MySQL replication topology management and automated failover. It’s designed to be simple, robust, and to operate without a distributed consensus system like ZooKeeper or etcd, making it ideal for environments where operational simplicity is paramount.

Our goal is to set up a primary-secondary replication topology that Orchestrator can monitor and manage. When the primary fails, Orchestrator will automatically promote a secondary to become the new primary and reconfigure other secondaries to replicate from the newly promoted instance.

Orchestrator Deployment and Configuration

We’ll deploy Orchestrator on a separate Linode instance from our MySQL cluster to avoid a shared failure domain. This instance will need network access to all MySQL nodes.

First, install Orchestrator. On a Debian/Ubuntu system:

wget https://github.com/openark/orchestrator/releases/download/v3.2.7/orchestrator-3.2.7-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf orchestrator-3.2.7-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv orchestrator-3.2.7-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/orchestrator
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/orchestrator/orchestrator /usr/local/bin/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/orchestrator/orchestrator-client /usr/local/bin/

Next, create a configuration file, typically located at /etc/orchestrator/orchestrator.conf.json. This file defines Orchestrator’s behavior, including database credentials for accessing MySQL and backend database for its own state.

{
  "Debug": false,
  "ListenAddress": ":3000",
  "MySQLTopologyUser": "orchestrator",
  "MySQLTopologyPassword": "your_orchestrator_mysql_password",
  "MySQLOrchestratorHost": "localhost",
  "MySQLOrchestratorPort": 3306,
  "MySQLOrchestratorDatabase": "orchestrator",
  "MySQLOrchestratorUser": "orchestrator",
  "MySQLOrchestratorPassword": "your_orchestrator_db_password",
  "SlaveLagQuery": "SELECT * FROM mysql.slave_lag_info WHERE lag_seconds > ? LIMIT 1",
  "PromotionForgetMasterAfterDays": 7,
  "FailureDetectionPeriodBlockSeconds": 300,
  "DiscoveryPeriodSecond": 10,
  "DetectClusterAliasQuery": "SELECT cluster_alias FROM mysql_replication_topology WHERE hostname = ? AND port = ?",
  "SnapshotPeriodSecond": 3600,
  "SnapshotTopologies": true,
  "AutoDiscoverAtStartup": true,
  "PostMasterFailoverProcesses": [
    "/path/to/your/post_failover_script.sh"
  ],
  "PreMasterFailoverProcesses": [
    "/path/to/your/pre_failover_script.sh"
  ]
}

You’ll need to create the Orchestrator database and user on one of your MySQL instances (or a dedicated management instance). This user requires sufficient privileges to read replication status and modify replication configurations.

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS orchestrator;
CREATE USER 'orchestrator'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_orchestrator_db_password';
GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT, REPLICATION SLAVE, PROCESS, RELOAD, SUPER, SELECT, LOCK TABLES, SHOW DATABASES, EVENT, ALTER, CREATE, DROP, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES ON orchestrator.* TO 'orchestrator'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Initialize Orchestrator’s internal database schema:

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--mysql-database=orchestrator --mysql-password=your_orchestrator_db_password --mysql-user=orchestrator --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-database=orchestrator --mysql-password=your_orchestrator_db_password --mysql-user=orchestrator --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-database=orchestrator --mysql-password=your_orchestrator_db_password --mysql-user=orchestrator --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-database=orchestrator --mysql-password=your_orchestrator_db_password --mysql-user=orchestrator --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-database=orchestrator --mysql-password=your_orchestrator_db_password --mysql-user=orchestrator --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-database=orchestrator --mysql-password=your_orchestrator_db_password --mysql-user=orchestrator --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-database=orchestrator --mysql-password=your_orchestrator_db_password --mysql-user=orchestrator --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-database=orchestrator --mysql-password=your_orchestrator_db_password --mysql-user=orchestrator --